There once was an OBGYN who had an ultrasound scanner in his office, some extra time, and an inventive curiosity. He wanted to know what uteri did all day long. He thought that being a smooth muscle organ, it probably would contract from time to time, but he wasn’t sure.

So he persuaded some of ...

The Menstrual Cycle

Among women of childbearing age, there is an expected pattern of the menstrual cycle. The interplay of hormones, receptor sites, growth factors, inhibin, and activin with the granulosa and thecal cells in the ovary is complex. An over-simplified version is:

Responding to low...

Electronic Fetal Monitoring (EFM) is an important skill for those involved in managing labor and delivery. This video explains the physiology of labor and its’ impact on the fetal heart, as demonstrated in various patterns displayed on the fetal monitor.

As soon as the baby is delivered, it needs to have a clear airway, breath normally, have its’ umbilical cord clamped and cut, and be dry and warm. this video demonstrates the procedure for attending to these needs of the newborn.

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This discussion ...

For more free medical education and nursing videos, visit our medical education websites at:

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http://nursing411.org

http://obgynmorningrounds.com

http://operationalmedicine.org

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In addition to t...

Breast Development

At puberty, the female breast develops, under the influence of estrogen, progesterone, growth hormone, prolactin, insulin and probably thyroid hormone, parathyroid hormone and cortisol. This complex process typically begins between ages 8 to 14 and spans about 4 years.

The br...

Heavy periods and lengthy periods

may reflect an underlying mechanical abnormality inside the uterus (fibroids, polyps),
may be a cause of iron-deficiency anemia, and
may contribute to uncomfortable menstrual cramps.
If the examination, Pap smear, and pregnancy test are normal, then the chance ...

Domestic Partner Abuse
Physical abuse of intimate partners is much more common than most people believe. 8% of women will report of history of such violence, while 29% will report such a history, if asked. Intimate Partner Abuse encompasses child abuse, elder abuse, and both male and female partn...

Within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse, a birth control pill can be taken to reduce the likelihood of pregnancy resulting from this exposure.

A single dose of levonorgestrel 150 mcg, taken within 3 days of exposure, will reduce the chance of resulting pregnancy from about 8% to about 1%. The...

Endometriosis is a common gynecologic problem. It is the abnormal location within the body of normal endometrial tissue. While it may have not symptoms, it’s associated with pain, scarring, and infertility.

Endometrium is the tissue that normally lines the interior walls of the uterus. In respon...

Uterine fibroids are a relatively common cause for gynecologic abnormalities. This video describes their development, diagnosis and management.

More information can be obtained at the OBGYN Morning Rounds website, at http://obgynmorningrounds.com

Since the 1930s, it’s been known that high doses of the female hormones estrogen or progesterone will block ovulation, making conception impossible. This knowledge was employed clinically to create the first birth control pills, consisting of high doses of estrogen and high doses of a progestin. ...

While different women's health care providers may feel differently about this topic, all must have a basic understanding of the various mechanisms by which this procedure is performed. This video presentation discusses the common techniques and their potential medical complications.

Induced abor...

Menopause is the physiologic cessation of ovarian function (and menstrual flows) that occurs with advancing age in all women. In North America, the average age of menopause is 51, but there is considerable variation from individual to individual. Some (a few) 55 year olds are still having normal ...

Mood disorders are at least a part of the problem underlying some gynecologic visits. Because women are affected by these disorders more frequently than men, it is important for women's healthcare professionals to have a good understanding of the symptoms, presentations, and therapy for common mo...

Actinomycosis

Actinomycosis is a fungus that is occasionally identified on Pap smear and for the most part is an incidental finding, posing no threat to the patient.

Its’ clinical significance controversial. IUD users sometimes (but rarely) develop pelvic abscesses from this organism. For that ...

This video lecture outlines the normal postpartum changes and medical care provided to women who have just delivered.

More information can be obtained at the OBGYN Morning Rounds website, at http://obgynmorningrounds.com

levated blood pressure during pregnancy is a significant problem affecting as many as 10% of pregnancies. In some cases, the hypertension is pre-existing, while in others, it develops over the course of pregnancy. Occasionally, it does both.

Normal Blood Pressure Changes during Pregnancy.

Durin...

There are some clinically important changes in respiratory anatomy and physiology during pregnancy.

The upper respiratory tract becomes edematous, predisposing pregnant women to nasal stuffiness, nosebleeds, and postnasal drip.

The chest cavity widens at the base and the diaphragm rises about 4...

Following a pregnancy loss prior to the 20th week, patients are naturally concerned for their future prognosis.

And we reassure these patients that early pregnancy loss occurs in about one out of every six pregnancies, it is usually caused by isolated chromosome abnormalities or placental malfor...

During pregnancy, there are a number of normal physiologic changes that occur in the kidney:

The kidneys increase 30% in size, from increased vascularity and interstitial space.
The GFR increase 40%, which is reflected in a normal drop of serum creatinine to 0.4-0.8 during pregnancy. In other wo...

Sexual assault is any sexual act performed by one person on another person without that person’s consent.

The incidence of sexual assault is not known. Published statistics only encompass reported sexual assault. In some cases:

The victim is unwilling to notify authorities or seek medical atten...

A number of predictable changes occur in the thyroid gland during pregnancy that has consequences for those evaluating and managing pregnant patients.

The thyroid gland normally enlarges as much as 18% in volume, a change that can be measured sonographically, and occasionally detected clinically...