1st Trimester Bleeding
Any bleeding during the first trimester of pregnancy is abnormal. The cause may be trivial or serious, but it is always abnormal.

Bleeding during the first trimester is common. At least one-third of all pregnant women will experience some degree of bleeding (perhaps only l...

Bladder infections are common among women. They usually are characterized by the classical symptoms of urinary urgency, frequent urination of very small amounts of urine, dysuria, and sometimes hematuria.

Urinary frequency means more frequent urination than normal. Of course, normal frequency va...

The body controls glucose metabolism through excretion of insulin from the pancreas. Those unable to produce, release, or make use of the necessary amounts of insulin are said to have diabetes mellitus.

Pregnancy affects glucose metabolism. The placenta produces hPL (Human Placental Lactogen) in...

Bleeding during the second and third trimester has special clinical significance, encompassing problems that are quite serious and those that are normal or expected. It’s important to be able to distinguish between them.

One normal occurrence of bleeding is called Bloody show

As the cervix thin...

This video describes the development of this lecture, from conception, through various iterations and into the current 10 minute video.

Definitions

Amenorrhea means the absence of menstrual flows. It may be “Primary” or “Secondary.”

Primary amenorrhea means the patient has never had a menstrual flow.
Secondary amenorrhea means that she used to have menstrual flows, but they have stopped.
Normally, in the United States, menstrua...

Understanding the functional and clinical anatomy of the vulva is an essential element of women’s healthcare.

The Five-Minute Vulva Anatomy combines actual video with instructional graphics and narrator explanations.

It was originally designed for medical and nursing students as an introduction...

Knowledge of internal pelvic anatomy is important to the understanding of pelvic pathology and pelvic examinations. This video demonstrates the internal pelvic anatomy, using models and surgical video.